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Human Rights in the Digital Age: Privacy and Data Protection
The digital age has revolutionized nearly every aspect of human existence, from how we communicate and work to how we engage with the...

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Struggle for Human Rights in Authoritarian Regimes
Authoritarian regimes are political systems characterized by the concentration of power in a single authority or a small group, often mainta

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Evolution of the United Nations Charter
The United Nations (UN) stands as a testament to the enduring human quest for peace, cooperation, and progress on a global scale. Since its inception in 1945, the UN has played a pivotal role in shaping international relations and addressing some of humanity's most pressing challenges. Central to the functioning and philosophy of the United Nations is its Charter, a foundational document that outlines the organisation's purposes, principles, and structure. "The Evolution of t

Edmarverson A. Santos


Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
I. Introduction The concept of the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes is a cornerstone of public international law, reflecting...

Edmarverson A. Santos


International Responsibility in Public International Law
Explore International Responsibility in public international law, including State responsibility, organizations, individuals, remedies, and legal consequences.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Geopolitics in the 21st Century
Geopolitics, a term derived from the Greek words "geo" (earth) and "politics" (the art of governing), refers to the study of the effects...

Edmarverson A. Santos


Diplomatic and Consular Relations
Diplomatic and Consular Relations constitute the legal framework that enables states to conduct peaceful international intercourse, represent their interests abroad, and protect individuals beyond their territory without constant recourse to coercion or rupture.

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Subjects of International Law
The Subjects of International Law asks who can hold rights, carry obligations, exercise powers, and take part in legal procedures at the international level. The question is practical, not semantic.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Global Financial Institutions: The Role of IMF and World Bank
Explore the roles, impacts, and challenges of global financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank in this comprehensive analysis.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Law and Force in the Twenty-First Century
In international law, the doctrine governing the use of force has undergone significant evolution, especially in the 21st century....

Edmarverson A. Santos


Legal Theory and International Law
The interplay between legal theory and international law is a cornerstone of how nations interact within the global arena. Legal theory,...

Edmarverson A. Santos


Principles Of Jurisdiction In International Law
The concept of jurisdiction in international law is fundamental to understanding the legal principles governing state-related matters in the global context. Jurisdiction can be described as a state's right and power to exercise governmental authority over an area or person, subject to certain recognized limitations. It encompasses a broad range of different types of jurisdiction, including territoriality, protection, nationality/active personality, passive personality, and un

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Rights Of Refugees And Asylum Seekers
Refugee and asylum seeker rights remain a highly intricate issue today. A refugee is someone forced out of their country due to fear of...

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Peace of Westphalia and the International Relations
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and the overlapping Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) ravaged the European continent, leaving death and destruction in their wake. Emerging from this chaos, the Peace of Westphalia established groundbreaking principles for international politics that still influence diplomacy and state affairs today. Signed in 1648, the Peace of Westphalia was an attempt to end decades of religious and political conflict through a negotiated settlement. Though fi

Edmarverson A. Santos


Trade Wars And Their Global Impact
As the world becomes more globalized, it's becoming harder for countries to avoid being impacted by international economic tensions....

Edmarverson A. Santos


State Recognition And Succession In International Law
State Recognition in International Law explained through statehood, government recognition, succession, continuity, treaties, nationality, and legal disputes.

Edmarverson A. Santos
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