Strait of Hormuz tensions have re-emerged as a central concern in global security and energy discourse, particularly following renewed hostilities between the United States and Iran in June 2025.

Legal Boundaries of U.S. Military Strikes on Iran became a central focus of international legal discourse following the unprecedented U.S. aerial operation conducted on June 21–22, 2025.

The Role of Iran in Proxy Conflicts in the Middle East reflects a carefully crafted strategy that combines ideological objectives, geopolitical pragmatism, and military asymmetry.

Autonomous weapons and international law are increasingly intersecting as military technology evolves rapidly.

Geopolitics of critical minerals has emerged as a central axis of 21st-century power struggles. These minerals—such as lithium, cobalt,...

Baltic States and the Ottawa Treaty have become a subject of renewed international attention amid shifting security dynamics in Eastern Europe.

Council of Europe Convention on Artificial Intelligence marks a pivotal legal milestone in the regulation of artificial intelligence within a human rights framework. Adopted in Vilnius on September 5, 2024, and codified as CETS No. 225, this binding international treaty is the first of its kind to establish clear obligations for the design, development, and use of AI systems. It seeks to ensure that AI does not undermine democracy, the rule of law, or fundamental freedoms. Th

Are drones legal in armed conflicts? This pressing question lies at the intersection of emerging military technologies and international humanitarian law.

Operation Rising Lion marks a significant escalation in Middle Eastern conflict dynamics, initiated by Israel’s airstrikes on Iran in...

How international law deals with stateless persons is a subject of urgent humanitarian and legal concern.

I. Introduction The Evolution of International Law in Cyberspace reflects a growing need to regulate global behavior in an increasingly...

NATO Policy and Decision-Making shapes how the Alliance responds to international security threats.

Introduction Law and power in international society are deeply intertwined, shaping global order, diplomacy, and conflict resolution. International law establishes norms and principles that govern state behavior, but its effectiveness often depends on the political will of powerful nations. While legal frameworks like the United Nations (UN) Charter and international treaties aim to ensure equality among states, the reality is far more complex. Global power dynamics influence

I. Introduction The struggle for an international constitutional order has been an ongoing challenge in global governance. Unlike...

Introduction The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) remains one of the most influential international alliances in contemporary...

I. Introduction Religion and International Law: An Evolving Relationship Religion and international law have been deeply intertwined throughout history. Religious traditions have shaped legal systems, influenced international norms, and played a critical role in diplomacy. While international law has largely evolved into a secular framework, religious beliefs continue to impact legal discourse on human rights, conflict resolution, and state sovereignty. The relationship betwe