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The Lotus Principle Explained in Contemporary International Law
The Lotus Principle remains one of the most frequently cited—and most frequently misunderstood—concepts in public international law.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Difference between ICJ and ICC: Jurisdiction, Power, and Limits
The difference between ICJ and ICC defines the boundaries of international justice in practice, yet it is routinely misunderstood in public debate, policy commentary, and even academic discussion outside specialist circles.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Deepfakes in International Law: Legal Status and Gaps
Deepfakes in international law represent one of the most complex regulatory challenges created by contemporary artificial intelligence technologies.

Edmarverson A. Santos


US-Venezuela tensions and International Law
US-Venezuela tensions occupy a central place in contemporary debates on international law because they sit at the intersection of sanctions law, sovereignty, human rights protection, and the prohibition of the use of force.

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Responsibility to Protect: Law, Practice, and Limits
The Responsibility to Protect has emerged as one of the most consequential and contested normative frameworks in contemporary international law.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence
Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a critical concern for policymakers, scholars, and civil society alike.

Edmarverson A. Santos


International Law and the Regulation of Outer Space
International law and the regulation of outer space emerged as urgent priorities in the second half of the 20th century, as technological advancements allowed states to transcend the Earth’s atmosphere and place objects into orbit.

Edmarverson A. Santos


International Law and Municipal Law
International Law and Municipal Law represent two distinct yet increasingly interconnected legal systems that govern different spheres of authority.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Territorial Disputes and International Law: Principles, Cases, and Resolutions
Territorial disputes in international law are among the most enduring and complex challenges faced by states.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Evolution of the Law of Armed Conflict
The evolution of the Law of Armed Conflict reflects humanity’s long-standing effort to impose legal and ethical boundaries on the conduct of war.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Legal Boundaries of U.S. Military Strikes on Iran
Legal Boundaries of U.S. Military Strikes on Iran became a central focus of international legal discourse following the unprecedented U.S. aerial operation conducted on June 21–22, 2025.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Autonomous Weapons and International Law
Autonomous weapons and international law are increasingly intersecting as military technology evolves rapidly.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Baltic States and the Ottawa Treaty: Withdrawal Debate
Baltic States and the Ottawa Treaty have become a subject of renewed international attention amid shifting security dynamics in Eastern Europe.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Are Drones Legal in Armed Conflicts?
Are drones legal in armed conflicts? This pressing question lies at the intersection of emerging military technologies and international humanitarian law.

Edmarverson A. Santos


Operation Rising Lion: Legal Challenges and Impacts
Operation Rising Lion marks a significant escalation in Middle Eastern conflict dynamics, initiated by Israel’s airstrikes on Iran in...

Edmarverson A. Santos


How International Law Deals with Stateless Persons
How international law deals with stateless persons is a subject of urgent humanitarian and legal concern.

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Evolution of International Law in Cyberspace
I. Introduction The Evolution of International Law in Cyberspace reflects a growing need to regulate global behavior in an increasingly...

Edmarverson A. Santos


Law and Power in International Society
Introduction Law and power in international society are deeply intertwined, shaping global order, diplomacy, and conflict resolution....

Edmarverson A. Santos


The Struggle for an International Constitutional Order
I. Introduction The struggle for an international constitutional order has been an ongoing challenge in global governance. Unlike...

Edmarverson A. Santos


Religion and International Law: Conflicts and Coexistence
I. Introduction Religion and International Law: An Evolving Relationship Religion and international law have been deeply intertwined...

Edmarverson A. Santos
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